Filamentous fungi as biocontrol agents in olive (Olea europaea L.) diseases: Mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi

Olive (Olea europaea) is a crop of great agronomic, economic and cultural interest for the Mediterranean Basin, although increase in world demand olive oil expanding its cultivation by other countries southern hemisphere. The main pathogens include bacteria (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, Xylella fastidiosa), fungi (Colletotrichum spp., Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium spp. Rhizoctonia solani), oomycetes (Phytophthora spp.) nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). To combat these pathogens, different biocontrol strategies have been developed with yeasts, capacity establishment field entails several difficulties. In this sense, filamentous represent an efficient effective alternative control tree. present review compiles all studies existing so far through use mycorrhizal endophytic fungi, making separate section genus Trichoderma due to special that their has generated. mechanisms used competition space nutrients, parasitism, antibiosis or activation plant's defensive responses, among others.